Research: Dyers star theory

What is Star Theory:

Star theory is a set of meanings constructed around a music performer in order to sell the performer to a large and loyal audience.

Richard Dyer:
Richard Dyer is an English academic who specialises in film studies. 

Dyer said: "Star image is coherent, that it is incomplete and open", "The star must be simultaneously be ordinary and extraordinary for the consumer", "The star must be simultaneously be present and absent for the consumer"

Performer and Pop star: 

There is a distinction that can be made between a pop star and a pop performer:

• Performer: Pop performers are performers who are promoted by their management to give them the title of a pop star.

Pop star: A pop star is a star who is instantly significant as soon as they come into the pop scene and is very expierienced and conformist with allot of fans.             

Stars and construction:

A star needs to have a unique selling point that will make them different and successful if the artist does not have one then one is made for them which is called an artificial image this is made usually by a mentor or management.

Industry and audience:

Stars are made to make money clearly by the company they are signed to they become and product of their company.

Ideology and Culture: 

Artist need to have their own moral values and cultural values and promote their own views and create their own group of loyal fans that will follow the artist.

Character and personality:
The stars provide audiences with the focus for the ideas of what people are supposed to like.

Control artists brand and star image:

Artists brands have a massive impact on their star image as they are known for their branding when they have reached the top in their industry it is the brand name that they are known for.

Conclusion:

I will be usinf the star theory in my video as it shows how the artist can become popular and make the video successful gaining allot of fans.

Research: Mulvey's male gaze

What is male gaze:

Male gaze is shown in music videos from the perspective of a heterosexual male and the way they look at women in the music video. The male gaze explains how women are seen more as sexual objects than actual people and how they are degraded by this.

Mulvey's Male Gaze:
Lura Mulvey was the creator of this theory she is a feminist who said that it can be seen in three different ways which are the following:

1. How men look at women 
2. How women look at themselves
3. How women look at other women

Lura Mulvey said that the camera is a man and it is shown how men look at women for visual pleasure and men are active and women are passive when they are watching.

Example of Mulvey's male gaze:

Nelly - Tip Drill:
This video is a perfect example for Mulvey's male gaze because the video degrades and objectifies women to be nothing the sexual objects that can be bought and used for the pleasure of males and puts across to the audience that this is the norm.

As shown in the picture above he is throwing money on a semi naked to show that he can do what he wants with her by giving her the money putting across to the audience she is a sexual object.

Here he is shown bragging to the camera as he is grabbing the womens thong with his mouth doing what he want to her like she is a object to be played with.

Here it shows the women in the video where they are being degraded and made to look like object conforming to it and doing sexual things with eachother which sends a very bad message across.

Criticisms of the theory:

The critisims of the theory are that it only provides the view that women are being objectified when men can also be objectified in music videos.
Another critisim of the the theory is that it does not provide views for homosexual or biesexual men and women only hetrosexuals.

Conclusion:

In conclusion i will not be using male gaze in my video as it appeals only to a small audience when i want my video to appeal to everyone so it will be as successful as possible.

Research: Star Image

Star Image

Intro: Star image is the way a star appears to their audience and how they represent themselves. The way this is shown is through a music video which will go to their international audience.

How can music videos help boost a stars career: The music videos that artists create can define who they are and also the define how successful their career will be here are way that a music can help boost a artists career.

• Popularity: Music videos can greatly increase a artists popularity as this is showing the artists views and look to their fans so that their will be a buzz around them and the album they are going to release.
• Financially: Music videos raise allot of money for the artist which increases the artists income which then will allow them to make more videos and more music.
• Music deals: By far this is the most important thing that music videos do for a artist as getting more deals adds to the artists credentials and makes them more attractive to getting signed by a huge record label.

Star image of existing artists:

Star image sexual

Some artists use their star image to appeal to their audience in a sexual way an example of this is Beyoncé.

Beyoncé - Drunk in love                               

















In this video Beyoncé clearly uses her good looks and nice body to attract a male audience using her sexual star image to become more successful.

Star image political

Some artists use their music videos to put their political views across to their audience an example of this is Eminem.

Eminem - white America


















In this video he puts across his views on the problems still in America with discrimination for the colour of your skin.

Star image moral

Some artists use their music videos to show their audience the lifestyle they live and certain ideologies that they follow someone who does this is George Michael.

George Michael - Outside

In George Michaels video it show his ideologies and lifestyle because he is showing the audience a situation that actually happened to him in real life when he was lured into a bathroom by a male police officer and then being arrested by him and his public humiliation as it then brang out to everyone that he is homosexual and it was not on his terms.

Conclusion: Star image is very important as without it they will be less appealing to the audience which will then make it harder for them to be successful. I will be using star image in my music video because it will make the artist more appealing to the audience so will make the video more successful.

Reasearch: Goodwins Theory

Goodwin's Theory

Intro: Andrew Goodwin was a theorist who looked at the way music are made he said that the majority of mainstream music videos have a certain way they are set out and made. Goodwin said that music videos have 8 clear characteristics that can be scene when the video is being watched.

8 characteristics:

• Genre characteristics
• Star motives
• Technical elements
• Notion of looking
• Performance narrative
• Intertextual reference
• Relationship between lyrics and music
• Relationship between lyrics and visuals

Relationship between lyrics and music:

Relationship between lyrics and visuals is the way that the lyrics to the song have a relationship to the video and how they are explaining what is happening in the video.In this song you can clearly hear from the lyrics that it is relating directly to the video the lyrics in the song explain to the listener what is happening so is showing the direct relation between the lyrics and visuals.

Relationship between lyrics and music is the way the lyrics and music are linked if the music is uick and upbeat the music will also be quick and upbeat and will have a dierect link between them.

 Intertextual refrence is the way the video will have links to something that is not in the video to increase the popularity of the music and the video.

Performance and narrative is the way the video will be set Goodwin said that the video will either have a narrative and tell a stroy or will be performanced based and focus on the maker of the music.

Notion of looking is the way sexs are represented to attract the opposite sex to the video so it will make the video more popular to a certain sex.

Technical elements are mise en scene ,cinematography and the editing used in the video.


Star motive is the way the artist publicies themself in the video and focuses the camera on them to increase their own popularity and fame.


Genre characteristics are the conventional characteristics that will be shown in the vidoe of the genre that the music is based on.


Importance of following generic conventions of music videos: This is very important as the genric conventions of music videos is what will make the video popular as it is what has made all the past music videos popular to the public.


conclusion: In conclusion i will follow Goodwins theory in my video as it can be seen in most music videos I have seen even in this day and age so is proven to make music videos successful.

Research: Intertextuality

Intertextuality

Intro: Intertextual references are the links to forms of media that are not necessarily to do with music. Goodwin said that intertextual references are the links to films, TV programs or other music videos etc.

Music videos with intertextual references:

Eminem - Without me:

Throughout eminems without me videos he makes refrences to many things ranging from other famous stars to reality television he does this in a very controversial way that he does to try to make his sudience luagh and also could be to increase his popularity.


Michael Jackson - Thriller:

In Micheal Jacksons thriller he refrences the horror industry throught the werewolf theme and zombie theme and refrences to rea life when he is in the cinema the music video is much like a short film so this also refrences the movie industry.



Foo Fighters - Learn to fly:

In the Foo Fighters learn to fly video there are many refrences to real life situations that they put over to the audience in a funny way this also makes it seem like a comedy movie so refrences also to the movie industry.

Advantages of intertextuality: Using intertextuality in a music video could make the video more appealing to a wider range of people so could gain the artist fans. This would therefore make the artist make more money and make them a bigger star.

Disadvantages of intertextuality: The issue with intertextuality is if the people who like the person or thing you refrence dont like the way the artist represents them this could cause the audience to not like the video and then not like the artist so they will lose fans and lose money.

conclusion: In my video i would use intertextuality if it fits however if it does not and it is there for no reason i would not use intertextuality in my video because it would not make sence.

Research: Media institutions

Media institutions
Media institutions are  companies who pay for the production of  the music videos for artists or bands. Not all popular artist and band are signed by media institution which supports them this can make it harder for them to gain success but when the artist is by themselves they get all the money that they get from the production of the music video and song.

The four main media institutions:
EMI

Sony Music Entertainment

Universal Music Group

Warner Music Group 

Media institutions:


  Artist/bands signed to EMI Music :

• Beatles
• Snoop Dogg 
• Tinie tempah 
• Lloyd Banks 
• Cold Play 
• Daft punk 
• Mcfly 
• Lil Allen
• Kylie Monogue 

Its the one of the worlds leading media institutions it has labels  Angel blue note, astralnote  and capitol.Music signed to them. It is a world famous national institution.


















Artists/ bands that  have been with Sony Music entertainment:

Beyonce 

Chris Brown 

Estelle 

Paramore 

James Blunt 

Alicia Keys

Miley Cyrus 

Usher 

Sony music entertainment works with international superstars they offer hip hop country,classical, gospel, pop rock. Their record labels include, artist  records,Columbia records and RCA records.

Artist/bands that have been with universal Music Group:

• Busta Rhymes  
• Mariah Carey 
• Justin Bieber  
• Akon
• Nicki Minaj 
• Cheryl Cole 
• Rihanna 
• Adele
• Mary J blige

World's  largest music content  company. The recorded music business discovers  and develops recording artists and then markets, then promotes their music. Universal  has many international success. They provide one of the largest array of music in the business.



Artist/bands that have been with universal Music Group:

• T.I
• Flo Rida 
• Wiz khalifa 
• Wiley 
• Jason derulo 
• Bruno Mars

Warner is the least popular of the international institutions, Record labels include Asylum Atlantic,Cordless East west and Warner Bros.They provide artists long- term  creative and  financial success.

Conclusion: This reasearch has allowed me to understand the way instutions work and who is who in the music world it provides me with insite into which institutions suit me most and which id want to be signed to and promote my music video.

Research: Genres

Genres

What are genres: Genres are the different categories of music there are in music world. They allow music to be defined by the way that it sounds so that the audience will always know what they are listening to.

Genres: Indie, Rock, Punk, Country, R&B, Dub step, Garage, Soul, Pop, Techno, Rap, Afro jazz, House, Alternative, Heavy metal, Hip-Hop, Grime, Classical.

Genres characteristics:

Rock: Rock is known to be dark with strange camera angles and camera movements. The bands/artists are known to be no conformist and rebellious with dark clothing sometimes leather, piercings and spiked hair. They are also known to be angry people but have a very loyal fan base that will stick with them.



Pop: Pop music is bright and lively uses high key lighting to exaggerate every image it uses simple edits and simple camera shots but notion of looking is used a lot more to make the music more popular to males or females. Bands/Artists will wear sometimes revealing clothing to make themselves more popular to a certain sex they are very conformist to promote what is popular so they are in with the in crowd and are no one to have very loyal fans while popular.

R&B: R&B music is  very lively and can use high and low key lighting depending on what the artist intends their video to be like. Notion of looking is used regularly in this genre to make males or females more attracted to the video. artists will wear very conformist clothing and promote brands in videos. They tend to not have very loyal fans they will only listen to songs that they like by the artist.

Importance of following generic conventions in music videos: This is important because it is making sure that the video is going to be successful for the target audience and their fans because that is what they are used to.

Conclusion: This has helped me understand which genre id want my video to be based in and what that genres conventions are to make the video I make a good one.